- VOLUME
- Vol. 21 | (2)
02. Effects of COVID-19 on shadow education expenditures.pdf
- TITLE
- Effects of Covid-19 on Shadow Education Expenditures by Income Groups in South Korea
- KEYWORDS
- COVID-19 pandemic, shadow education expenditure, inequality, average propensity to consume for education, Gini coefficient
DOI : 10.22804/kjep.2024.21.2.002
Abstract
This
study uses the Gyeonggi Education Panel Study data to explore the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on shadow education spending in South Korea. It uses the
average propensity to consume (APC) for education to account for income
changes, applying the double-difference method to eliminate grade effects. The
findings reveal reduced nominal education expenses and APC for lower-income
groups. The widening gap in shadow education spending between the lowest and
highest income brackets worsens the Gini coefficient of education expenditure.
Implementing compensatory measures like smaller classes, one-on-one tutoring,
and adaptive teaching strategies tailored to individual students can help
prevent temporary increases in inequality from becoming permanent.